In the early stages, cervical cancer usually has no symptoms. Symptoms of cervical cancer is the most common vaginal bleeding that occurs after sex, outside the menstrual period, or after menopause. Although there is bleeding, does not necessarily mean you are suffering from cervical cancer. To ascertain the cause of your condition, ask your doctor immediately. If cervical cancer is suspected, a referral to see a specialist will be provided.
Cervical Cancer Patients in Indonesia
In 2014, the WHO said there were more than 92 thousand deaths in the population of women from cancer. Of 10.3 percent is the number of deaths from cervical cancer. While the number of new cases of cervical cancer amounted to nearly 21 thousand.
From 2000 through 2012, the younger the age of women who develop cervical cancer, the age range of 21-22 years in 2000 and reached the age under 20 years old in 2012. A WHO study reveals a lack of cancer screening measures in Indonesia. Especially for screening cervical cancer is cervical cytology and reviews of acetic acid, it is generally not available in primary health centers in 2014. It took effect on the number of cervical cancer deaths in Indonesia is high due largely due to delays in diagnosis. Typically, the cancer has spread to other organs in the body when a person check their condition. This is why treatment is becoming increasingly difficult.
Human Papillomavirus as Major Cause of Cervical Cancer
Nearly all cases of cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus, or HPV. HPV is a collection of viruses that cause warts on the hands, feet, and genitals. There are many types of HPV that are mostly harmless virus. But there are some types of HPV that interfere with the cells of the cervix to be able to function normally and could eventually lead to cancer. HPV is very common sexually transmitted and can be a cause of cervical cancer.
Of the many types of HPV, there are two types of HPV that most dangerous virus, HPV 16 and HPV 18. These two types of virus that cause 70 percent of cervical cancer cases. Many women do not realize have been infected, because these HPV types cause no symptoms. It is important to realize that these infections often occur, although many infected women do not develop cancer.
Condoms can protect you from HPV during sex, but not always perfectly in preventing infection. When infected with HPV, a woman's immune system to prevent the virus to injure the uterus, but in some women, HPV virus can last for years. This resulted in cells that are on the surface of the cervix change into cancer cells.
Vaccines to prevent HPV infection risk of causing cancer is already available. HPV vaccination that currently there is a bivalent vaccine for HPV 16 and 18; kuadrivalen vaccine for HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18; or vaccine nonavalen to 9 types of HPV, namely types plus 4 31,33, 45, 52, and 58.
Importance Steps to Detect Cervical Cancer Screening
Over the years, the cells on the surface of the cervix undergo many changes. These cells can slowly turn into cancer, but the actual cell changes in the cervix can be detected early. Treatment when the cells are still in the stage of pre-cancers can be done so that the risk of cervical cancer can be reduced.
Screening for cervical cancer is also known as a Pap smear or Pap test. Pap smear is useful to detect if any abnormal cells that could potentially turn into cancer cells. When performing a pap smear, a sample of cells taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope.
Cervical screening is not a test for diagnosing cervical cancer. This test is useful for checking the health of the cells in the cervix and detect if any abnormal cells. With the detection and removal of abnormal cells, cervical cancer can be prevented to the fullest. In most women, the test will show normal results. But about 5 percent of tests showed abnormal changes in cervical cells.
These changes mostly do not lead to cancer and abnormal cells may still be able to return to normal by itself. But, in some cases, the cells that are abnormal need to be removed because of the potential to become cancerous.
Abnormal Pap test result does not mean someone is suffering from cervical cancer. Most abnormal results are caused by infection or their risk of cancer cells that can be handled with ease. Advised in women who have been sexually active and aged 25-49 years examined every three years. While women aged 50-64 can be checked every five years. Call your doctor to find out more about the investigation.
Determining the level of Stage Cervical Cancer Treatment
Treatment of cervical cancer depends on several factors. Cervical cancer can be treated with surgery if the diagnosis is made at an early stage. In some cases, only the cervix and uterus are removed can be left alone. On a more serious condition, the uterus needs to be removed entirely. The process operation for removal of the uterus is called hysterectomy.
While the radiotherapy procedure is an alternative measure for early stage cervical cancer. In certain cases, radiotherapy can also run side by side with the operation. For cases of advanced cervical cancer, are usually treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy methods. Some treatment can have serious side effects and long term, including of whom are premature menopause and infertility.
Complications Due to Cervical Cancer
Complications often occur in women suffering from cervical cancer. Complications can arise as a direct result of the cancer or the side effects of the treatment performed. Eg for radiotherapy, surgery, or chemotherapy. Complications of cervical cancer are:
- Complications light: a small vaginal bleeding and / or frequent urination.
- Severe complications: severe bleeding and even kidney failure.
Cervical Cancer Life Expectancy
The future of cervical cancer sufferers is determined by the stage of diagnosis of cervical cancer received. Stage cervical cancer stages from one to four, where the stadium illustrates the level of development and spread of cancer. Expectancy survive at least five years after being diagnosed with cervical cancer, grouped into the status of the stadium:
- Stage 1 - 80-99 percent
- Stage 2 - 60-90 percent
- Stage 3 - 30-50 percent
- Stage 4-20 percent
There is no one specific way to make prevention of cervical cancer. But there are ways to reduce the risk of this cancer.
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